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Action/Kinetics:
Manifests both beta-1- and beta-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Has no membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Low lipid solubility.
Peak serum concentration: 3-4 hr.
t
1/2: 20-24 hr (permits once-daily dosage).
Duration: 17-24 hr. Absorption variable, averaging 30%; steady plasma level achieved after 6-9 days of administration. Excreted unchanged by the kidney.
Uses:
Hypertension, either alone or with other drugs (e.g., thiazide diuretic). Angina pectoris.
Investigational: Prophylaxis of migraine, ventricular arrhythmias, aggressive behavior, essential tremor, tremors associated with lithium or parkinsonism, antipsychotic-induced akathisia, rebleeding of esophageal varices, situational anxiety, reduce intraocular pressure.
Contraindications:
Use in bronchial asthma or bronchospasm, including severe COPD.
Special Concerns:
Dosage has not been established in children.
How Supplied:
Tablet: 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 120 mg, 160 mg
Dosage
?Tablets
Hypertension.
Initial: 40 mg/day;
then, may be increased in 40- to 80-mg increments until optimum response obtained.
Maintenance: 40-80 mg/day although up to 240-320 mg/day may be needed.
Angina.
Initial: 40 mg/day;
then, increase dose in 40- to 80-mg increments q 3-7 days until optimum response obtained.
Maintenance: 40-80 mg/day, although up to 160-240 mg/day may be needed.
Aggressive behavior.
40-160 mg/day.
Antipsychotic-induced akathisia.
40-80 mg/day.
Essential tremor.
120-240 mg/day.
Lithium-induced tremors.
20-40 mg/day.
Tremors associated with parkinsonism.
80-320 mg/day.
Prophylaxis of migraine.
40-80 mg/day.
Rebleeding of esophageal varices.
40-160 mg/day.
Situational anxiety.
20 mg.
Ventricular arrhythmias.
10-640 mg/day.
Reduction of intraocular pressure.
10-20 mg b.i.d.
NOTE: For all uses decrease dose in clients with renal failure.
